( PARTIAL LIST OF THE 4,071 AMERICAN CITIZENS KILLED BY TERRORISTS )
February
23, 1970
Halhoul, West Bank.
PLO
open fire on a busload of pilgrims killing Barbara Ertle of Michigan and
wounding two other Americans.
September
14, 1970
En route to Amman, Jordan. The
PFLP
hijacked a TWA flight from Zurich, Switzerland and forced it to land in
Amman. Four American citizens were injured.
May
30, 1972
Ben
Gurion Airport, Israel. Three members of the Japanese Red Army,
acting on the PFLP's behalf, carried out a machine-gun and grenade attack at
Israel's main airport, killing 26 and wounding 78 people.
Many of the casualties were American
citizens, mostly from Puerto Rico.
Munich,
Germany. Black September, a front for Fatah, took hostage 11 members
of the Israeli Olympic team. Nine athletes were killed
including weightlifter David Berger, an American-Israeli from Cleveland, Ohio.
Khartoum,
Sudan. Cleo A. Noel, Jr., U.S. ambassador to
Sudan, and George C. Moore, also a U.S. diplomat, were held hostage and then killed by
terrorists at the U.S. Embassy in Khartoum.
June
29, 1975
Beirut, Lebanon. The
PFLP
kidnapped a U.S. military attaché to Lebanon, Ernest Morgan.
November
14, 1975
Jerusalem,
Israel. Lola Nunberg, 53, of New York, was injured during a
bombing attack in downtown Jerusalem. Fatah
claimed responsibility for the bombing, which killed six people and wounded 38.
November
21, 1975
Ramat Hamagshimim,
Israel. Michael Nadler, an American-Israeli from
Miami Beach, Florida, was killed when axe-wielding terrorists
from the Democrat Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a
PLO
faction, attacked students in the Golan
Heights.
August
11, 1976
Istanbul,
Turkey. The PFLP
launched an attack on the terminal of Israel's major airline, El Al, at the
Istanbul airport. Four civilians, including Harold Rosenthal of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, were killed and 20 injured.
January
1, 1977
Beirut,
Lebanon. Frances E. Meloy, U.S. ambassador to Lebanon,
and a U.S. economic counselor, Robert O.Waring were kidnapped by
PFLP
members as they crossed a militia checkpoint and later shot to death.
Jerusalem, Israel. Richard Fishman, a medical student from Maryland,
was among six killed in a PLO
bus bombing in Jerusalem. Chava Sprecher, another American citizen from Seattle,
Washington, was injured.
Teheran, Iran. After President Carter agreed to admit the Shah of Iran
into the U.S., Iranian radicals seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took 66
American diplomats hostage. Thirteen hostages were soon freed,
but the remaining
53 were held until their release on January 20, 1981.
Hebron, West Bank. Eli
Haze'ev, an American-Israeli from Alexandria,
Virginia, was killed in a PLO
attack on Jewish worshippers walking home from a synagogue.
July
19, 1982
Beirut, Lebanon.
Hezballah
members kidnapped David Dodge, the acting president of the American University in
Beirut. After a year in captivity, Dodge was released.
August
19, 1982
Paris, France. Two American citizens, Anne Van Zanten and Grace
Cutler were killed when the PLO
bombed a Jewish restaurant in Paris.
March
16, 1983
Beirut, Lebanon. Five American Marines were wounded in a hand grenade
attack while on patrol north of Beirut International
Airport. The Islamic Jihad
and Al-Amal, a Shi'ite
militia, claimed responsibility for the attack.
Beirut,
Lebanon. A truck-bomb detonated remotely exploded
in front of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, killing 63
employees, including the
CIA's Mid-East director, and wounding 120. Hezballah,
was held responsible for the attack.
Hebron, Israel.
Aharon Gross, 19, an American-Israeli from New York,
was stabbed to death by PLO
terrorists.
October
23, 1983
Beirut, Lebanon.
A bomb laden truck crashed into the lobby of
the U.S. Marines headquarters in Beirut, killing 241 soldiers and wounding 81.
The attack was carried out by Hezballah and aided by Syrian intelligence and
financed by Iran.
Jerusalem, Israel.
Serena Sussman, a 60-year-old tourist from
Anderson, South Carolina, died from injuries from the
PLO bombing of a bus in Jerusalem
13 days earlier.
January
18, 1984
Beirut, Lebanon. Malcolm Kerr, a Lebanese born American
and
president of the American University of Beirut, was killed by two gunmen outside
his office. Hezballah
said the assassination was part of the organization's plan to "drive all
Americans out from Lebanon."
Three
Hezballah
members kidnapped Reverend Benjamin T. Weir, while he was walking with his wife
in Beirut's Manara neighborhood. Weir was released after 16 months of captivity.
Beirut, Lebanon.
Hezballah
kidnapped William Buckley, a political officer at the U.S. Embassy in Beirut.
Though his body
was never found, the U.S. administration declared the American diplomat dead.
Beirut,
Lebanon. A suicide bomb attack on the U.S.
Embassy in East
Beirut killed 23 people and injured another 21. The American and British ambassadors
were slightly injured in the attack, attributed to Hezballah.
Aukar,
Lebanon. I slamic Jihad detonate a van full of explosives 30
feet in front of the U.S. Embassy severely damaging the building, killing
two U.S. servicemen and seven Lebanese employees. Twenty Americans were also injured,
including U.S. Ambassador Reginald Bartholomew and visiting British Ambassador David Miers.
An estimated 40 to 50
Lebanese were hurt as well.
December
4, 1984
Tehran, Iran.
Hezballah
terrorists hijacked a Kuwait Airlines plane en route from Dubai, United
Emirates, to Karachi, Pakistan. The terrorists forced the
pilot to fly to Tehran where the terrorists murdered two
passengers, both American
Agency for International Development employees, Charles Hegna and William
Stanford.
Between Athens and Rome.
Two Hezballah members hijacked a TWA flight en route to Rome from Athens and forced
the pilot
to fly to Beirut. The eight crewmembers and
145 passengers were held for 17 days during which one of the
hostages, Robert Stethem, a U.S. Navy diver, was murdered.
After being flown twice to Algiers,
the aircraft then returned to Beirut and the hostages were released.
Between
Alexandria, Egypt and Haifa, Israel. A four-member
PFLP
squad took over the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro as it was sailing from
Alexandria, Egypt, to Israel. The squad murdered a disabled U.S. citizen, Leon
Klinghoffer, by throwing him in the ocean. The
other passengers were held
hostage for 2 days and later released after the terrorists turned themselves
in to Egyptian authorities in return for safe passage. But U.S. Navy
fighters intercepted the Egyptian aircraft
flying the terrorists to Tunis and
forced it to land at the NATO airbase in Italy,
where the terrorists were arrested. Two of
the terrorists were tried in Italy and sentenced
to prison. The Italian
authorities however let the two others escape on diplomatic
passports. Abu Abbas, who masterminded the hijacking, was later convicted to life imprisonment in
absentia.
Rome,
Italy. Four terrorists from Abu
Nidal's organization attacked El Al offices at the Leonardo di
Vinci Airport in Rome. Thirteen people, including
five Americans, were killed and 74 wounded,
among them two Americans.
Athens,
Greece. A bomb exploded on a TWA
flight from Rome as it
approached Athens airport. The attack killed
four U.S. citizens. The bombing
was attributed to Fatah.
West Berlin,
Germany. An explosion at the "La Belle"
nightclub in Berlin, frequented by American soldiers,
killing three, two U.S.
soldiers and a Turkish woman, wounding another 191 including 41 U.S. soldiers.
Given
evidence of Libyan involvement, the U.S. Air Force made a retaliatory attack
against Libyan targets on April 17.
September
5, 1986
Karachi,
Pakistan. Abu Nidal members hijacked a Pan Am flight leaving
Karachi, and bound for Frankfurt, Germany and New York
with 379 passengers, including 89 Americans.
The terrorists forced the plane to land in Larnaca,
Cyprus, where they demanded the release
of two Palestinians and a Briton jailed for
the murder of three Israelis there in 1985. The terrorists killed 22 of the
passengers, including two American citizens and wounded many others.
September
9, 1986
Beirut,
Lebanon. Continuing its anti-American attacks,
Hezballah kid- napped Frank Reed, director of the American University in Beirut, whom they
accused of being "a CIA agent." He was released 44 months later.
September 12, 1986
Beirut, Lebanon.
Hezballah
kidnapped Joseph Cicippio, the acting comp- troller at t he American
University in
Beirut. Cicippio was released five years later on December 1991.
October
15, 1986
Jerusalem, Israel. Gali Klein, an American citizen, was killed in a
grenade attack by Fatah
at the Western
Wall in Jerusalem.
October
21, 1986
Beirut,
Lebanon. Hezballah kidnapped Edward A. Tracy, an American citizen in Beirut. He was released five
years later, on August 1991.
Ras-Al-Ein Tyre,
Lebanon. Col. William Higgins, American chief of the United Nations Truce Supervisory Organization, was abducted
and killed by Hezballah
while driving from Tyre to Nakura.
December
21, 1988
Lockerbie, Scotland. Pan Am Flight 103 departing from Frankfurt to New
York was blown up in midair, killing all 259 passengers
and another 11 people on the ground in Scotland.
Two Libyan agents were found responsible for planting a
sophisticated suitcase bomb onboard the plane.
Istanbul and Ankara, Turkey. Three simultaneous bombings were carried
out against U.S. business targets. The Turkish American Businessmen Association
and the Economic Development Foundation in Istanbul, and the Metal Employees
Union in Ankara. The Dev Sol (Revolutionary Left) was held responsible for the
attacks.
Bosphorus Straits, Turkey. A bomb exploded aboard an unoccupied boat
used by U.S. consular staff. The explosion caused extensive damage but no
casualties. An organization previously unknown, the Warriors
of the June 16th
Movement, claimed responsibility for the attack.
Izmir, Turkey.
An explosive charge went off outside a U.S. military
PX.
Dev Sol was held responsible for the attack.
February
7, 1991
Incirlik Air Base, Turkey. Dev Sol members shot and killed a U.S.
civilian contractor as he was getting into his car at the Incirlik Air Base in
Adana, Turkey.
Two
Dev Sol gunmen shot and wounded a U.S. Air Force
officer as he entered his residence in Izmir.
March
28, 1991
Jubial,
Saudi Arabia.
Three U.S. Marines were shot at and injured by
an unknown terrorist while driving near Camp Three, Jubial.
October
28, 1991
Ankara,
Turkey. Victor Marwick, an American soldier serving at
the
Turkish-American base, Tuslog, was killed and his wife wounded in a car bomb
attack. The Turkish Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Istanbul, Turkey. Two car bombings killed a U.S. Air Force sergeant
and severely wounded an Egyptian diplomat in Istanbul. Turkish Islamic Jihad
claimed responsibility.
Beirut, Lebanon. A
car bomb destroyed the administration
building of the American University in Beirut, killing one person and wounding
at least a dozen.
Virginia,
United States. A Pakistani gunman opened
fire on Central
Intelligence Agency employees standing outside of
the building. Two
agents, Frank Darling and Bennett Lansing, were killed and three others wounded.
The assailant was never caught and reportedly fled to Pakistan.
Cairo,
Egypt. A bomb exploded inside a café in downtown Cairo killing
three. Among the 18 wounded were two U.S. citizens. No one claimed
responsibility for the attack.
New York,
United States. A massive van bomb exploded in an under-
ground parking garage at the World Trade Center in New York City, killing
six and
wounding 1,042. Four Islamist activists were responsible for the attack. Ramzi
Ahmed Yousef, the operation's alleged mastermind, escaped but was
later arrested
in Pakistan and extradited to the United States.
Kuwait. The Iraqi intelligence service attempted to assassinate former
U.S. President George Bush during a visit to Kuwait.
In retaliation, the U.S.
launched cruise missiles two months later on the Iraqi capital, Baghdad.
July
5, 1993
Southeast
Turkey. In eight separate incidents, the Kurdistan
Workers'
Party (PKK) kidnapped a total of
19 Western tourists traveling in southeastern
Turkey. The hostages, including U.S. citizen Colin Patrick Starger, were
released unharmed after several weeks in captivity.
Karachi,
Pakistan. Two unidentified gunmen armed with AK-47 assault
rifles opened fire on a U.S. Consulate van in Karachi,
killing two U.S.
diplomats, Jacqueline Keys Van Landingham and Gary C. Durell,
and wounding a
third, Mark McCloy.
Kfar Darom and Netzarim, Gaza Strip.
Two suicide attacks were carried
out within a few hours of each other in Jewish
settlements in the Gaza
Strip. Killing eight including U.S. citizen Alisa
Flatow. Over 30 others were injured. In the second,
a suicide bomber detonated a car bomb in the midst of a convoy of cars in
Kfar Darom, injuring
12. The Palestine
Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Shaqaqi Faction claimed responsibility for the attacks.
July
4, 1995
Kashmir,
India. A previously unknown militant group,
Al-Faran,
with suspected links to a Kashmiri separatist group in Pakistan, took hostage
six tourists, including two U.S. citizens. They demanded the release of Muslim
militants held in Indian prisons. One of the U.S. citizens escaped on July 8,
while on August 13 the decapitated body of the Norwegian hostage
was found along
with a note stating that the other hostages also would be
killed if the group's demands were not
met. The Indian Government refused. Both
Indian and American
authorities believe the rest of the hostages were most likely killed in 1996 by
their jailers
August
1995
Istanbul, Turkey. A bombing of Istanbul's popular Taksim Square injured
two U.S. citizens. This attack was part of a three-year-old attempt by the PKK
to drive foreign tourists away from Turkey by striking at tourist sites.
Jerusalem,
Israel. A bus bombing in Jerusalem by the
Islamic
Resistance Movement (Hamas) killed four, including American Joan Davenny,
and wounded more than 100.
November
13, 1995
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A car bomb exploded in the parking lot outside
of the Riyadh headquarters of the Office of the Program
Manager/Saudi Arabian
National Guard, killing seven persons, five of them U.S. citizens, and wounding
42. The blast severely damaged the three-story building, which
houses a U.S. military advisory group, and
several neighboring office buildings. Three groups
-- the Islamic Movement for Change, the Tigers of the Gulf, and the Combatant
Partisans of God -- all claimed responsibility for the attack.
Jerusalem, Israel. A suicide bomber blew up a commuter bus in
Jerusalem, killing 26, including three U.S. citizens, and injuring 80 others,
among them another three U.S. citizens
Tel Aviv, Israel. A suicide bomber detonated an explosive device
outside the Dizengoff Center, Tel
Aviv's largest shopping mall, killing 20 persons and injuring 75 others, including two U.S. citizens.
Both Hamas
and the Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the
bombing. May 13, 1996, Beit-El, West
Bank. Arab gunmen opened fire on a hitchhiking stand near
Beit-El, wounding three Israelis and killing
David Boim, 17, an American-Israeli from New York. No
one claimed responsibility for the attack, although either the Islamic Jihad or
Hamas are suspected.
June
9, 1996
Zekharya, West Bank. Yaron Ungar, an American-Israeli, and his Israeli
wife were killed in a drive-by shooting near their West Bank home. The PFLP
is suspected.
June
25, 1996
Dhahran,
Saudi Arabia. A fuel truck carrying a bomb exploded outside
the U.S. military's Khobar Towers housing facility in Dhahran, killing 19 U.S.
military personnel and wounding 515 persons, including 240 U.S. personnel.
Several g roups claimed responsibility for the attack. In June 2001,
a U.S. District Court in Alexandria,
Virginia, identified Saudi Hezballah
as the party responsible for the attack.
August
17, 1996
Mapourdit,
Sudan. Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) rebels
kidnapped six missionaries in Mapourdit, including a U.S. citizen.
The SPLA
released the hostages on August 28.
Paris,
France. A bomb exploded aboard a Paris subway train,
killing
four and injuring 86 persons, including a U.S. citizen.
No one claimed
responsibility for the attack, but Algerian extremists are suspected.
Major
cities worldwide, United States. A series of letter
bombs with
Alexandria, Egypt postmarks were discovered at Al-Hayat newspaper bureaus in
Washington, DC, New York, London, and Riyadh. Three similar devices,
also
postmarked in Egypt, were found at a prison facility in Leavenworth, Kansas.
Bomb disposal experts defused all the devices, but one detonated at the Al-Hayat
newspaper office in London, injuring two security guards and causing minor
damage.
February
23, 1997
New York, United States. A Palestinian gunman opened fire on tourists
at an observation deck atop the Empire State building in New York, killing a
Danish national and wounding visitors from the United States, Argentina,
Switzerland and France before turning the gun on himself.
Jerusalem,
Israel. Two bombs detonated in Jerusalem's Mahane
Yehuda market, killing 15 persons, including a U.S. citizen and
wounding 168
others, including two U.S. citizens. The Izz-el-Din al-Qassam Brigades,
Hamas'
military wing, claimed responsibility for the attack.
Karachi,
Pakistan. Two unidentified gunmen shot to death four
U.S.
auditors from Union Texas Petroleum and their Pakistani driver as they drove
away from the Sheraton Hotel in Karachi. Two groups claimed responsibility
-- the Islamic Inqilabi Council, or Islamic Revolutionary Council and the Aimal
Secret Committee (aka, the Aimal Khufia Action Committee).
November
25, 1997
Aden, Yemen. Yemenite tribesmen kidnapped a U.S. citizen,
2 Italians,
and two unspecified Westerners near Aden to protest the eviction of
a tribe
member from his home.
Beirut,
Lebanon. Two hand-grenades were thrown at the U.S. Embassy in
Beirut. No casualties were reported.
June
21, 1998
Beirut,
Lebanon. Three rocket-propelled grenades attached
to a crude
detonator exploded near the U.S. Embassy compound in Beirut, causing no
casualties and little damage.
August 7,
1998
Nairobi,
Kenya. A car bomb
exploded at the rear entrance of the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi. The attack killed
a total of 292, including 12 U.S. citizens, and injuring over 5,000,
among those were six Americans. The perpetrators belonged to al-Qaida,
Usama bin Ladin's network.
Dar
es Sala'am, Tanzania. A car bomb exploded
outside the U.S. Embassy
in Dar es Sala'am, killing 11 and injuring 86. Osama bin Laden's organization
al-Qaida claimed responsibility for the attack. Two suspects were arrested.
Mawdiyah, Yemen. Sixteen tourists--12 Britons, two Americans and two
Australians -- were taken hostage in the largest kidnapping in Yemen's recent
history. The tourists were seized in the Abyan province. One Brit
tourist and a Yemeni guide escaped, while the rest were
taken to city of Mawdiyah. Four hostages were killed
when troops closed in and
two were wounded, including an American woman.
The kidnappers were members of the
Islamic Army of Aden-Abyan, an offshoot of Al-Jihad.
October
31, 1999
Nantucket,
Massachusetts, United States. Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed
off the U.S. coast killing all 217 people on board the flight, including 100 Americans.
Although not precisely clear, evidence indicated
that the Egyptian pilot crashed the plane for personal or political reasons.
Islamabad,
Pakistan. Six rockets were fired at the
U.S. Information
Services cultural center and United Nations offices in Islamabad, injuring
a
Pakistani guard.
Nablus,
West Bank. The bullet-ridden body of Hillel Lieberman, a U.S.
citizen living in the Jewish settlement of Elon Moreh,
was found at the entrance
to the West Bank town of Nablus.
October
12, 2000
Aden Harbor,
Yemen. A suicide squad rammed the warship the U.S.S. Cole with
an explosives-laden boat killing 13 American
sailors and injuring 33. The
attack was likely by Osama bin Ladin's al-Qaida.
Jerusalem,
Israel. Gunmen killed Eish Kodesh Gilmor, a 25-year-old
American-Israeli on duty as a security guard at the National
Insurance Institute in Jerusalem.
The "Martyrs of the Al-Aqsa Intifada," a group
linked to
Fatah, claimed responsibility for the attack.
Tekoa,
West Bank. Kobi Mandell, 14, an American-Israeli, was found
stoned to death along with a friend in a cave near the Jewish settlement
of Tekoa. Two organizations, the Islamic Jihad and Hezballah-Palestine,
claimed responsibility for the attack.
Gush Etzion,
West Bank. The Fatah Tanzim
claimed responsibility for a drive-by shooting of six in the West
Bank that killed two American-Israeli citizens, Samuel Berg, and his mother,
Sarah Blaustein.
August
9, 2001
Jerusalem, Israel. A suicide bombing at Sbarro's, a pizzeria situated
in one of the busiest areas of downtown Jerusalem,
killed 15 people, including a 31 yr. old tourist from New Jersey, Shoshana
Greenbaum and wounded more than 90. Hamas
claimed responsibility for the attack.
September
11, 2001
New York, Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania, United States. During a
carefully coordinated attack, 19 Islamist extremists hijacked
four U.S.
jetliners and forced them to crash into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
In all, 266 people perished in the four planes, and more than 3,000
people were
killed on the ground. U.S. investigators determined
on the basis of extensive
evidence that Usama bin Ladin's al-Qaida
group was responsible for the attack. The first plane, American
Airlines Flight 11 en route from Boston to Los Angeles,
crashed into the World Trade Center's
north tower at 8:48 a.m. Eighteen minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175,
also headed from Boston to Los Angeles, smashed into the World
Trade Center's
south tower. At 9:40 a.m. a third airplane, an American Airlines Boeing 757 that
left Washington's Dulles International Airport for Los Angeles, crashed into the
western part of the Pentagon where 24,000 people worked. The fourth plane, a
United Airlines Flight 93 flying from Newark to San
Francisco, crashed near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
most likely before it could hit its
target. Hundreds
of firefighters, police officers and other rescue workers who arrived in the
site after the first plane crash were killed or injured.